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The Belief Roadmap: Efficient Planning in Belief Space by Factoring the Covariance

Author(s)
Roy, Nicholas; Prentice, Samuel James
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Abstract
When a mobile agent does not known its position perfectly, incorporating the predicted uncertainty of future position estimates into the planning process can lead to substantially better motion performance. However, planning in the space of probabilistic position estimates, or belief space, can incur substantial computational cost. In this paper, we show that planning in belief space can be done efficiently for linear Gaussian systems by using a factored form of the covariance matrix. This factored form allows several prediction and measurement steps to be combined into a single linear transfer function, leading to very efficient posterior belief prediction during planning. We give a belief-space variant of the Probabilistic Roadmap algorithm called the Belief Roadmap (BRM) and show that the BRM can compute plans substantially faster than conventional belief space planning. We conclude with performance results for an agent using ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) radio beacons to localize and show that we can efficiently generate plans that avoid failures due to loss of accurate position estimation.
Date issued
2009-07
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58752
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Journal
International Journal of Robotics Research
Publisher
Sage Publications
Citation
Prentice, Samuel, and Nicholas Roy. “The Belief Roadmap: Efficient Planning in Belief Space by Factoring the Covariance.” The International Journal of Robotics Research 28.11-12: 1448 -1465.
Version: Author's final manuscript
ISSN
0278-3649
1741-3176
Keywords
planning under uncertainty, motion planning, probabilistic, state estimation

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