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Retention time and dispersion associated with submerged aquatic canopies

Author(s)
Nepf, Heidi; Ghisalberti, Marco; White, B.; Murphy, E.
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Abstract
The shear layer at the top of a submerged canopy generates coherent vortices that control exchange between the canopy and the overflowing water. Unlike free shear layers, the vortices in a canopy shear layer do not grow continuously downstream but reach and maintain a finite scale determined by a balance between shear production and canopy dissipation. This balance defines the length scale of vortex penetration into the canopy, δ e , and the region of rapid exchange between the canopy and overflow. Deeper within the canopy, transport is constrained by smaller turbulence scales. A two-box canopy model is proposed on the basis of the length scale δ e . Using diffusivity and exchange rates defined in previous studies, the model predicts the timescale required to flush the canopy through vertical exchange over a range of canopy density and height. The predicted canopy retention times, which range from minutes to an hour, are consistent with canopy retention inferred from tracer observations in the field and comparable to retention times for some hyporheic regions. The timescale for vertical exchange, along with the in-canopy velocity, determines the minimum canopy length for which vertical exchange dominates water renewal. Shorter canopies renew interior water through longitudinal advection. Finally, canopy water retention influences longitudinal dispersion through a transient storage process. When vertical exchange controls canopy retention, the transient storage dispersion increases with canopy height. When longitudinal advection controls water renewal, dispersion increases with canopy patch length.
Date issued
2007-04
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68012
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Journal
Water Resources Research
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
Citation
Nepf, H. et al. “Retention time and dispersion associated with submerged aquatic canopies.” Water Resources Research 43.4 (2007): p. 1-10.©2007 American Geophysical Union.
Version: Final published version
Other identifiers
W04422
ISSN
0043-1397

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