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A graphene-based physiometer array for the analysis of single biological cells

Author(s)
Paulus, Geraldine L. C.; Lee, Katherine Y.; Wang, Qing Hua; Grassbaugh, Brittany R.; Kruss, Sebastian; Kang, Jeon Woong; Vander Ende, Emma; Zhang, Jingqing; Mu, Bin; Strano, Michael S.; Nelson, Justin Theodore; Landry, Markita Patricia; Opel, Cary Francis; Wittrup, Karl Dane; Dasari, Ramachandra Rao; Reuel, Nigel Forest; ... Show more Show less
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Abstract
A significant advantage of a graphene biosensor is that it inherently represents a continuum of independent and aligned sensor-units. We demonstrate a nanoscale version of a micro-physiometer – a device that measures cellular metabolic activity from the local acidification rate. Graphene functions as a matrix of independent pH sensors enabling subcellular detection of proton excretion. Raman spectroscopy shows that aqueous protons p-dope graphene – in agreement with established doping trajectories, and that graphene displays two distinct pKa values (2.9 and 14.2), corresponding to dopants physi- and chemisorbing to graphene respectively. The graphene physiometer allows micron spatial resolution and can differentiate immunoglobulin (IgG)-producing human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells from non-IgG-producing control cells. Population-based analyses allow mapping of phenotypic diversity, variances in metabolic activity, and cellular adhesion. Finally we show this platform can be extended to the detection of other analytes, e.g. dopamine. This work motivates the application of graphene as a unique biosensor for (sub)cellular interrogation.
Date issued
2014-10
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92573
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laser Biomedical Research Center; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Spectroscopy Laboratory
Journal
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Citation
Paulus, Geraldine L. C., Justin T. Nelson, Katherine Y. Lee, Qing Hua Wang, Nigel F. Reuel, Brittany R. Grassbaugh, Sebastian Kruss, et al. “A Graphene-Based Physiometer Array for the Analysis of Single Biological Cells.” Sci. Rep. 4 (October 31, 2014): 6865.
Version: Final published version
ISSN
2045-2322

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